Binary Logic, Basic Theorems And Properties Of Boolean Algebra, Boolean Functions, Digital Logic Gates, Introduction, The Map Method, Four-Variable Map, Don’t-Care Conditions, NAND and NOR Implementation, Other Hardware Description Language – Verilog Model of a simple circuit.

Text book 1: 1.9, 2.4, 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9

Combinational Logic: Introduction, Combinational Circuits, Design Procedure, Binary Adder-Subtractor, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers. HDL Models of Combinational Circuits – Adder, Multiplexer, Encoder.

Sequential Logic: Introduction, Sequential Circuits, Storage Elements: Latches, Flip-Flops.

Text book 1: 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.

Functional Units, Basic Operational Concepts, Bus structure, Performance – Processor Clock, Basic Performance Measurement. Machine Instructions and Programs: Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instruction and Instruction sequencing, Addressing Modes.

Text book 2: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5

Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts – Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and Disabling Interrupts, Handling Multiple Devices, Direct Memory Access: Bus Arbitration, Speed, size and Cost of memory systems. Cache Memories – Mapping Functions.

Text book 2: 4.1, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.4, 5.4, 5.5.1

Some Fundamental Concepts: Register Transfers, Performing ALU operations, fetching a word from Memory, Storing a word in memory. Execution of a Complete Instruction. Pipelining: Basic concepts, Role of Cache memory, Pipeline Performance.

Text book 2: 7.1, 7.2, 8.1